Could not write content: Infinite recursion (StackOverflowError) (through reference chain: org.hibernate.collection.internal.PersistentBag[0]

The problem., I was getting a wrong JSON response while using a many-to-many relationship, that caused my application to enter in an infinite loop giving as output an infinite recursion Stackoverflow error.

Here is part of what I found in my Eclipse console:

Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotWritableException: Could not write JSON: Infinite recursion (StackOverflowError) (through reference chain: [here is the loop]) with root cause
java.lang.StackOverflowError
at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.BeanSerializerBase.serializeFields(BeanSerializerBase.java:567)
 at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.BeanSerializer.serialize(BeanSerializer.java:143)
 at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.CollectionSerializer.serializeContents(CollectionSerializer.java:118)
 at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.CollectionSerializer.serializeContents(CollectionSerializer.java:24)
 at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.AsArraySerializerBase.serialize(AsArraySerializerBase.java:180)
 at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.BeanPropertyWriter.serializeAsField(BeanPropertyWriter.java:544)
 at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.BeanSerializerBase.serializeFields(BeanSerializerBase.java:551)
 ...

and so on.

As the docs state (see references), bi-directional references for ORM-managed beans (iBatis, Hibernate) would cause serialization to failure since they are cyclic dependencies. Since Jackson 1.6, this problem has been solved by the introduction of two new annotations: @JsonManagedReference and @JsonBackReference(and see the end of this post to give a look at the @JsonIdentityInfo annotation).

How does serialization work? (The solution in theory)

In computer science, in the context of data storage and transmission, serialization is the process of translating data structures or object state into a format that can be stored (for example, in a file or memory buffer, or transmitted across a network connection link) and resurrected later in the same or another computer environment. 

Wikipedia

For Jackson to work well, one of the two sides of the relationship should not be serialized, in order to avoid the annoying infinite recursive loop that causes our stackoverflow error.

So, Jackson takes the forward part of the reference, for example an attribute of a java class (i.e. List<Role> roles in User class), and converts it in a json-like storage format; this is the so-called marshalling process. 
Then, Jackson looks for the back part of the reference (i.e. List<User> users in Role class) and leaves it as it is, not serializing it. This part of the relationship will be re-constructed during the deserialization (unmarshalling) of the forward reference.

The solution in practice.

It's very simple. Assuming that your database query already works without JSON, all you have to do is this:

1. Add the @JsonManagedReference In the forward part of the relationship (i.e. User.java class):

   @Entity
   public class User implements java.io.Serializable{
    
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private long id;
    
    @Column(name="name")
    private String name;
   
    @ManyToMany
    @JoinTable(name="users_roles",joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name = "user_fk"),
    inverseJoinColumns=@JoinColumn(name = "role_fk"))
    @JsonManagedReference
    private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<Role>();
   
   ...
   

2. Add the @JsonBackReference In the back part of the relationship (i.e. Role.java class): 
   

   @Entity
   public class Role implements java.io.Serializable {
   
    @Id 
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private int id;
   
    @ManyToMany(mappedBy="roles")
    @JsonBackReference
    private Set<User> users = new HashSet<User>();
   
   ...
   

The work is done. If you take a look at your firebug logs, you'll notice that the infinite recursive loop has disappeared.

Resource Link:  

How To Solve JSON infinite recursion Stackoverflow (with Spring and Jackson annotations)